Gingivitis and periodontal disease are names for inflammation of the gums around the teeth, which results in deterioration of the bone beneath the teeth. According to research, four out of five people have periodontal disease and don't know it. Most people are not aware of it because the disease is usually painless in the early stages. Unlike tooth decay, which often causes discomfort, it is possible to have periodontal disease without noticeable symptoms.
Plaque is a gummy colorless film of bacteria, food and saliva. It sticks to teeth and gums. The bacteria produce an acidic toxin that make the gums sore and destroy the bone beneath. You can combat the plaque with proper and regular brushing and flossing and having regular check ups with a dentist will determine if any gum disease exists.
There can be other causes of periodontal disease besides poor oral hygiene, and things that predispose one to a greater risk for the disease.
Smoking or chewing tobacco increases the risk of periodontal disease as plaque and tartar are more likely to form on the teeth.
Crowding of teeth, as well as irregular spaces between teeth trap plaque and bacteria " bridges that do not fit or defective fillings can cause such problems.
Some drugs cause side effects that increase risk of periodontal disease. Steriods, cancer therapy drugs, blood pressure drugs and oral contraceptives cause dry mouth, less saliva, which helps plaque to stick to teeth and gums.
Pregnancy, oral contraceptives and puberty cause changes in hormone levels, which can cause gum tissue to become more sensitive to bacteria toxins.
Systemic diseases such as diabetes, blood cell disorders, HIV/AIDS can cause susceptibility to gum disease.
Genetics can predispose a person to gum disease. If you have a family history of tooth loss, it might indicate a possibility of a more aggressive type of gum disease. Keep alert for any signs of gum disease if you have this family history.
The symptoms that actually are noticeable when a person has gum disease are bleeding gums, red or swollen gums, bad breath, changes in the spaces between teeth (caused by bone loss), loose teeth, gum infections, retreating gums or any softness or soreness of the gums.
Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease. Good oral hygiene includes regular brushing and flossing to removed food from between the teeth where brushing cannot reach. A balanced diet means you eat your veggies and use good sense at meals. Visiting a dentist twice a year can help you determine any risk that might exist and nip it in the bud before it becomes a serious threat.
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